农村小学生心理健康现状调查

—以云南省昆明市滇源镇为例

耿芸 赵雄伟*

摘要

本次调查采用随机整群抽样方法，以心理健康诊断测验表（MHT）为工具，对云南省昆明市滇源镇全镇10个小学3～6年级，共计1554名在校学生进行心理健康现状调查。调查结果显示，滇源镇3～6年级学生心理健康水平总体较高，健康率为86.8%，但“心理健康状况欠佳”及“心理健康高风险”均有阳性检出（平均9.6%、3.6%），总阳性检出率达13.2%；针对心理健康八项内容进行分析，各指标均有阳性检出，前四位为学习焦虑（53.9%）、冲动倾向（30.2%）、自责倾向（14.7%）及身体症状（12.9%）；不同年级的心理健康状况存在不同倾向性。留守学生心理健康总体水平低于非留守学生，且女生较男生差异更为明显.

关键词：心理健康，农村，小学生，留守儿童

Investigation on mental health status of rural primary school students

Abstract

The survey used a random cluster sampling method and the Mental Health Diagnostic Test Form (MHT) as tools to conduct mental health status for 1,554 students in grades 3 to 6 of 10 primary schools in Dianyuan Town, Kunming City, Yunnan Province. The survey results show that the mental health level of students in grades 3-6 of Dianyuan Town is generally good, and the health rate is 86.8%, but there are positive detections of “poor mental health” and “high mental health risk” (average 9.6%, 3.6%), the total positive rate reached 13.2%. For the analysis of eight items of mental health, all indicators were positive, the first four were learning anxiety (53.9%), impulsivity (30.2%), self-blame (14.7%) and physical symptoms (12.9%). The mental health status of different grades has different tendencies. The overall level of mental health of left-behind students is lower than that of non-left-behind students, and the difference between girls and boys is more obvious.

Key words: Mental Health; Rural Area; Primary School Students; Left-behind Children.

近年来，心理问题的“低龄化”趋势明显，小学生在生理发展和心理发展阶段上，都正处于从幼稚逐渐趋向成熟的过渡期，极易受到环境和教育的影响。为了解农村小学生心理健康现状，本研究针对昆明市滇源镇的小学生进行了心理健康状况现状的调查研究，希望能为有效开展乡镇中小学心理健康教育工作提供参考。

一、研究方法

1.调查样本

本次调查采用整群抽样方法，调查样本为昆明市盘龙区滇源镇全镇10所小学3～6年级共计1401名学生。

2.研究工具

本研究采用华东师范大学周步成教授主编的心理健康诊断测验（Mental Health of Test.MHT）作为调查的分析诊断测验表，该量表由8个内容量表和1个效度量表组成, 测验包括100项条目。